提出了一种反演边界层以下气溶胶消光系数垂直廓线的方法。设计了一种以电荷耦合器件（CCD）为探测器、激光器为发射端的收发分置激光雷达系统（CCD激光雷达）。基于此系统测量了水平激光束图像与垂直激光束从地面起0~1.2 km高度的气溶胶角散射灰度图像。利用水平散射图像得到大气散射相函数相对值，将其作为参数反演了垂直方向的气溶胶消光系数分布廓线。将得到的消光系数值与合肥大气辐射观测站的双波长偏振米散射激光雷达(DWPL)的观测结果进行了对比，结果表明两者一致性较好。同时给出了合肥地区4个夜晚连续观测的气溶胶廓线分布。CCD激光雷达优势在于无盲区，在近地面空间分辨率可达0.032 m/pixel，在边界层以下气溶胶探测具有潜力。

利用紫外差分吸收(DIAL)激光雷达对北京南郊对流层低层臭氧垂直分布进行了测量, 将探测结果与探空气球同时测量的结果进行了对比, 取得了较为一致的分布趋势。选择北京南郊地区晴好天气探测的结果进行了统计分析, 结果表明：近地面层内随高度增加, 臭氧体积混合比逐渐减小; 距地面0.5~1.5 km内平均臭氧体积混合比具有明显的日变化趋势, 最大值出现在午后14点左右, 相对太阳辐射最强时刻具有明显的滞后性; 日平均最大体积混合比低于4×10-8, 体积混合比起伏小于±3.2×10-9。

提出一种测量大气气溶胶散射相函数及能见度的方法，并且设计了以半导体激光器为光源和电荷耦合器件(CCD)为探测器的实验装置，利用该实验装置测量了15°~45°的散射灰度值角分布。根据激光雷达方程和Henyey-Greenstein散射相函数理论，拟合气溶胶的相函数分布，计算其能见度。将拟合得到的相函数和计算的能见度的结果分别与POM天空辐射计和Belfort能见度得到的观测结果进行对比，结果表明两者一致性较好，证明了利用激光光源和CCD测量气溶胶相函数和能见度的可行性。

A new method is proposed based on the analysis of lidar equation which selects aerosol backscatter ratio at a reference point for short range lidar in data processing. Simulation computation and experimental comparison results show that this method is reasonable and feasible. The method is applied to short range lidars, such as atmospheric monitoring lidar-2 (AML-2) and micro-pulse lidar (MPL).

Lower tropospheric water vapor measurements are performed at nighttime using the mobile atmosphere monitoring lidar-2 (AML-2) which is operated by the Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics. In this lidar system, a 354.7-nm light from a Nd:YAG laser is used as stimulating source, whose Raman shifted center wavelengths are at 386.7 and 407.5 nm for nitrogen and water vapor, respectively. We present a novel and convenient method for determining the Raman lidar calibration constant according to the scanning performance of this lidar. We are likewise able to realize the measurement of water vapor profile in the low troposphere. The error induced by the uncertainty of calibrated constants is within 7% for the Raman lidar system. Experimental results from two months of study indicate that the method of calibrating the lidar system constant is feasible, and the Raman lidar performance is stable and reliable.

研制了一台偏振-米散射激光雷达,用于卷云和沙尘气溶胶后向散射光退偏振比的探测研究。介绍了偏振-米散射激光雷达的探测原理,叙述了偏振-米散射激光雷达的结构、技术参数、测量方法和数据处理方法。给出了偏振-米散射激光雷达对合肥市西郊上空卷云的结构、退偏振比垂直廓线以及光学厚度的典型探测结果,对这些结果进行了分析和讨论。初步探测结果表明,合肥西郊上空高度在6～10 km的卷云的退偏振比在0.2～0.5之间,该激光雷达可以对卷云进行有效的探测,能较好地反映卷云及其光学特性的时空分布。

在拉曼(Raman)激光雷达探测CO2实验中所采集的拉曼回波信号具有比较大的统计误差,有效减小统计误差,获得较高的探测精度是非常重要的工作。利用自适应滤波器对拉曼回波信号分段进行数据处理,可得到在分段的各个空间间隔内的随距离几乎不变的CO2混合比统计误差,经过自适应滤波器对信号进行处理后,Raman激光雷达对合肥地区夜晚CO2气体浓度探测达到比较高的测量精度,在1.5-5 km高度范围内,CO2浓度统计误差最大为2.5%,5-8 km统计误差最大为5%,8-10 km统计误差最大为10%。利用此技术也可以量化估计在较高的空间分辨率下满足探测精度要求的激光脉冲数。

为了利用激光雷达探测的消光系数垂直分布来反演气溶胶质量浓度的垂直分布,研究气溶胶消光系数与质量浓度之间的关系就显得十分重要。根据Mie散射理论,分析了气溶胶的质量消光系数、消光系数和质量浓度之间的关系,引进了等效参数,分析了Junge指数对等效参数的影响,用实际测量的粒子谱分布、能见度、相对湿度和气溶胶质量浓度验证了气溶胶消光系数和质量浓度之间的关系。这对利用激光雷达测量的气溶胶消光系数垂直分布来反演气溶胶质量浓度的垂直分布是很有实用价值和指导意义的。

A prototype Raman lidar was designed for monitoring tropospheric CO2 profile and other scientific investigations. The third harmonic of Nd:YAG laser (354.7-nm wavelength) was used as stimulated light source to provide nighttime measurements. Filter with high rejection ratio performance was used to extract CO2 Raman signals from Rayleigh-Mie scattering signals effectively. To improve the real time monitoring function, a two-channel signal collection system was designed to collect CO2 and N2 Raman scattering signals simultaneously. The N2 Raman scattering signals were used to retrieve aerosol extinction coefficient. Typical features of CO2 concentration profile and aerosol extinction coefficient in Hefei were presented. The mixing ratio of atmospheric CO2 in Hefei can reach about 360-400 ppmv.

Based on Raman-shifted wavelengths of D2 and CH4 pumped by third harmonic of Nd:YAG laser, a differential absorption lidar was presented in this paper and had been constructed for probing environmental NO2 concentration. NO2 experimental measurements were carried out at Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics in Hefei. Some NO2 measurement results were given and discussed.